1. Wendell Willkie One World Pdf Converter Online
2. Wendell Willkie For President

Full text of 'WENDELL WILLKIEby May Mart THUonHere is a pioneering biography which hasgone to the sources to tell the story of one ofthe most remarkable men of our time, whoseidealism and personal magnetism swept him tothe threshold of the White House and madehim an international figure.This story of the man and his work is writtenwith vigor, gusto and liveliness. It unfolds thelife of the Indiana boy who became presidentof Commonwealth & Southern when barelyforty, who led the crusade for free enterpriseduring the first two terms of the New Deal, andwho took on 'The Champ' in the colorful cam-paign of 1940.

Willkie's house in RushvilleBorn Lewis Wendell Willkie in, he was the son of Herman Willkie, a immigrant from, and Henrietta Trisch. His parents were lawyers in Elwood, and Henrietta was one of the first women to be admitted to the in Indiana. Although his first name was Lewis, at home and among friends in Elwood he was called by his middle name, Wendell.

Wendell Willkie One World Pdf Converter Online

When an Army error in 1917 transposed his first and middle names, Willkie did not correct it as he preferred the new version; he would thereafter spell his name as Wendell Lewis Willkie.Willkie attended Elwood High School and graduated from, where he was a member of the fraternity. After teaching history for one year at the high school in, he entered the. Although trained as an Artillery Field Commander, 1 Lt.Willkie arrived on battle station just as the armistice was being signed. When someone realized that he was a lawyer, Wendell was quickly sent to Paris to participate in courts martial. He was present for the Treaty of Versailles. Upon retuning home, Willkie moved to, where he worked as a corporate lawyer for the.

In Akron he also quickly gained status in the local, and he was a delegate to the 1924. In 1919 Willkie married Edith Wilk (no relation), a librarian from.

They had one son,. Business and politicsIn 1929, Willkie became a legal counsel for the New York-based Commonwealth & Southern Corporation, the nation's largest.

Willkie's book 'One World' was a powerful force in guiding the nation toward the necessity of international cooperation and the creation of the United Nations. If Wendell Willkie ran.

Commonwealth & Southern provided electrical power to customers in eleven states. He rapidly rose through the ranks and became company president in 1933. Willkie was a delegate to the. He initially backed former mayor and for the presidential nomination, but once Franklin Roosevelt captured the nomination, Willkie supported him and contributed money to his campaign.In 1933, Roosevelt proposed legislation creating the (TVA), a government agency with far-reaching influence that promised to bring and cheap electricity to the extremely poor.

However, the TVA would compete with existing private power companies in the area, including Commonwealth & Southern. This prompted Willkie to become an active critic of the TVA, as well as other agencies that directly competed with private corporations. Willkie's argument was that government-controlled organizations (such as the TVA) had unfair advantages over private competitors, in that they did not have to make a profit and could thus charge cheaper rates than private corporations like the Commonwealth & Southern. This was not a new idea for Willkie; in 1930 he had stated publicly that it would be unconstitutional for the federal government to enter the utility business. In April 1933, Willkie testified against the TVA legislation before the Military Affairs Committee in the. His testimony that the TVA supplanting Commonwealth & Southern could threaten $400 million in investors' equity convinced the House to limit the TVA's ability to build transmission lines that would compete with existing private utility companies.Roosevelt, however, persuaded the to remove those restrictions and the resulting law gave the TVA extremely broad power. Because the government-run TVA could borrow unlimited funds at low interest rates, Willkie's Commonwealth & Southern was unable to compete, and Willkie was forced to sell C & S properties in the Tennessee Valley to the TVA in 1939 for $78.6 million.

Willkie formally switched political parties in 1939 and began making speeches in opposition to the New Deal. However, Willkie did not condemn all New Deal programs, and he supported those programs that he felt could not be run better by private enterprise. His objection was that the government had unfair advantages over private businesses, and thus should avoid competing directly against them. In 1939 Willkie made a highly-publicized appearance on the popular 'Town Hall' nationwide radio program, where he debated the merits of the private-enterprise system with, President Roosevelt's and a possible candidate for the 1940 Democratic presidential nomination. Most observers felt that Willkie won the debate, and many liberal Republicans began — for the first time — to view him as a presidential candidate. (Parmet, 122) 1940 presidential election.

Republican primariesThe was conducted against the backdrop of. Although the United States was still neutral, the nation — and especially the Republican Party — was deeply divided between, or those who felt the nation should avoid helping any of the warring powers and not take any steps that could lead America into the war, and, who felt that America's survival depended upon helping the and other defeat. The three leading candidates for the 1940 Republican nomination were Senators of and of, and, the 'gangbusting' from. All three men had campaigned vigorously, but only 300 of the 1,000 convention had been pledged to a candidate by the time the opened in.

This left an opening for a candidate to emerge.Willkie seemed an unlikely candidate as he was a former Democrat and a -based industrialist who had never before run for public office. He had received backing from media magnates; key Willkie supporters were of the, Roy Howard of the newspaper chain and John and Gardner Cowles, publishers of the Minneapolis Star and the Minneapolis Tribune, as well as the Des Moines Register. Willkie's supporters established a national grassroots network, but his popularity was thinly spread, with a May 8 showing Dewey at 67% support among Republicans, followed by Vandenberg and Taft, with Willkie at a mere 3%. Campaign pinWillkie did try to appeal to the powerful isolationist wing of the Republican Party by saying, 'No man has the right to use the great powers of the Presidency to lead the people, indirectly, into war.'

However, Willkie's greatest support came from the GOP's wing, which felt that America needed to provide all aid to the Allied forces short of war. Willkie consistently spoke of the need to aid the British in their fight against; this made a direct contrast with the other leading Republican candidates, who were isolationists.While Taft stressed that America needed to prevent the New Deal from using the international crisis to extend at home, the Nazis' rapid into shook public opinion.

In New York, Republican Congressman warned Roosevelt was making the world vulnerable to international by becoming 's willing accomplice to lead the nation to war against Germany to save the. Fish denied being an isolationist, saying he was a non-interventionist who wanted negotiated settlements of disputes rather than American involvement in foreign wars. Nevertheless, sympathy for the embattled British was mounting. By mid-June, little over one week before the convention opened, Gallup reported Willkie had surged to second place with 17%, and that Dewey was slipping. Willkie was stumping the country getting the votes of liberal and East Coast Republicans who were concerned about the Nazis' conquest of western Europe. As the convention delegates were arriving at, Gallup reported Willkie had moved up to 29%, Dewey had slipped 5 more points to 47%, and Taft, Vandenberg and Hoover trailed at 8%, 8%, and 6% respectively.

With the surrender of France to Germany on June 25, 1940, and the belief that Britain was under imminent threat of a Nazi invasion, the 1940 Republican Convention opened in an atmosphere of great excitement and national stress; this is believed to have boosted Willkie's chances even further. Republican nominationHundreds of thousands, perhaps as many as one million, telegrams urging support for Willkie poured in, many from 'Willkie Clubs' that had sprung up across the country.

Millions more signed petitions circulating everywhere. At the convention itself Governor of, the keynote speaker, announced for Willkie and became his official floor manager. Hundreds of vocal Willkie supporters packed the upper galleries of the convention hall. Willkie's amateur status and fresh face appealed to delegates as well as voters. The delegations were selected not by primaries but by party leaders in each state, and they had a keen sense of the fast changing pulse of public opinion. Gallup found the same thing in data not reported until after the convention: Willkie had pulled ahead among Republican voters by 44% to only 29% for the collapsing Dewey.

On the first ballot Dewey was in the lead, but far short of a majority; Taft was in second place and Willkie was a surprisingly strong third. On the second and third ballots Dewey's support dwindled, as it did his delegates went to either Taft or Willkie, with most favoring Willkie. Meanwhile, Willkie's supporters in the galleries kept yelling 'We Want Willkie' over and over, adding to the excitement and pro-Willkie momentum. By the fourth ballot Willkie had surged into first place, with Taft close behind; the other candidates began to drop out in favor of the two frontrunners.

As the delegates belonging to these ' candidates were released, Willkie steadily gained more of them than Taft. Finally, on the sixth ballot, Willkie received a majority of the ballots cast and won the nomination. His victory is still considered by most political historians to be one of the most dramatic moments in the history of American presidential conventions. :Willkie on the cover of, July 31, 1939Willkie's presidential campaign was centered around three major themes: the alleged inefficiency and corruption of Franklin Roosevelt's programs, Roosevelt's attempt to win an unprecedented third term as President, and the government's alleged lack of military preparedness. Willkie claimed that he would keep most of FDR's New Deal welfare and regulatory programs, but that he would make them more efficient and effective, and that he would work more closely with business leaders to end the.

Roosevelt's attempt to break the 'two-term' tradition established by was also a focus of Willkie's criticism, as Willkie declared that 'if one man is indispensable, then none of us is free.' However, neither of these issues caught the public's attention, and as Willkie's support sagged he turned to criticism of Roosevelt's lack of preparedness in military matters.

However, during the campaign Roosevelt shrewdly preempted the military issue by expanding military contracts and instituting a military draft. Although Willkie had initially supported the draft, he reversed his stance when polls showed that opposition to entering another world war was a popular issue for the Republicans.

Willkie then began to claim that Roosevelt was secretly planning to take the USA into the European war against Germany. With this claim, his campaign managed to regain some of its momentum.Late in the campaign the Republicans uncovered a series of letters Democratic vice presidential nominee had written to. In the letters, Wallace addressed Roerich as 'Dear ' and signed his name as 'G' for — the name Roerich had assigned Wallace in the faith. Wallace assured Roerich he awaited 'the breaking of the New Day,' when the people of 'Northern Shambhalla' (a term roughly equivalent to the kingdom of heaven) would create an era of peace and plenty. Wallace also used code words to describe leaders such as Roosevelt.

Democratic leaders were fearful that if the letters became public knowledge and Wallace's 'eccentric' beliefs and lifestyle were exposed, it would hurt their ticket in the election. In fact, the Republicans threatened to reveal the letters but balked when the Democrats threatened to release information about Wendell Willkie's rumored affair with the wealthy writer. According to New Deal historian Joseph Lash: 'The anti-Roosevelt underground campaign in 1940 was venomous, and (Democratic National Chairman) Flynn accused the Republicans of conducting the 'most vicious, most shameful campaign since the time of '. Much of the abuse centered on and the Roosevelt family' (Lash, p. 629). However, the abuse went both ways, as the historian noted: 'above all, he Willkie should never have been subjected to the accusation of Henry Wallace, FDR's new vice-presidential candidate, that Willkie was the Nazis' choice.' (Manchester, p. 226).

DefeatOn election day Roosevelt received 27 million votes to Willkie's 22 million, and in the, Roosevelt defeated Willkie 449 to 82. Willkie carried ten states:,. However, Willkie did gain over six million more votes than the GOP's 1936 nominee, and he ran strong in the Midwest, taking 57% of the farm vote. Roosevelt, meanwhile, carried every city in the nation with a population of more than 400,000, except for.

Willkie's popular-vote total would remain the highest for a Republican until 's election in 1952. Post-election lifeWillkie became one of Roosevelt's most unlikely allies. To the chagrin of many in his party, Willkie called for greater national support for controversial Roosevelt initiatives such as the and embarked on a new campaign against in America. Anti-racism activistWillkie spoke often of the need to end in America, and addressed a convention of the (NAACP) in 1942, one of the most prominent whites ever so to do. When a violent broke out in on June 20, 1943, Willkie went on national radio to criticize Republicans and Democrats for ignoring 'the Negro question.' To illustrate the similarity between racism and, he said, 'The desire to deprive some of our citizens of their rights — economic, civic or political — has the same basic motivation as actuates the Fascist mind when it seeks to dominate whole peoples and nations. It is essential that we eliminate it at home as well as abroad.'

During this time, Willkie also worked with, executive secretary of the NAACP, to try to convince to change its portrayal of blacks in the movies. 1944 Republican primariesIn the Willkie again sought the Republican nomination, choosing his wife's hometown, as his campaign headquarters. But his views gained little support due to the rightward shift of the Republican Party, and to GOP resentment over Willkie's support of many of President Roosevelt's initiatives.

The key event of Willkie's 1944 campaign was the primary. Willkie was considered a favorite but finished a distant third to his main rival, New York Governor, and behind General. Following this crushing loss Willkie withdrew from the race.Roosevelt actually considered asking Willkie to take the Vice-Presidential nomination on a unity ticket since he was dumping Henry Wallace at the insistence of the party.By the time of his sudden death in October 1944 Willkie had not endorsed Dewey or his Democratic opponent, President Roosevelt. He had begun working with the new to launch a new national party, but his death ended that movement. BusinessIn April 1941, Willkie joined the law firm of Miller, Boston, and Owen in New York City, and shortly thereafter the firm changed its name to Willkie, Owen, Otis, Farr, and Gallagher (and presently, LLP). DeathRather than fly commercially, Wendell Willkie chose to travel between Indianapolis and New York City by rail.

While crossing Ohio he experienced the first of more then an estimated 20. Although passengers implored him to de-train at Pittsburgh and enter hospital, Willkie refused. He wanted to get home and be seen by his own doctor. Too many hours later, an ambulance rushed him from the train station to hospital.

He survived two days, dying on October 8, 1944, aged 52. Within minutes a call came to the White House and a secretary hastened to tell President Roosevelt in the Oval Office. A stunned FDR screamed back in her face: 'What the hell was wrong with him?!' Willkie was 16 years younger than FDR - then in failing health - who deigned to attend the funeral. He dispatched Eleanor for that sad duty.Willkie's 1940 running mate, McNary, died six months earlier, the only occasion where both halves of a major party ticket died during the term for which they sought election.

Shortly before Willkie died, he told a friend, that if he could write his own epitaph and had to choose between 'here lies a president' or 'here lies one who contributed to saving freedom', he would prefer the latter.in her October 12, 1944 column eulogized Willkie as a 'man of courage. (whose) outspoken opinions on race relations were among his great contributions to the thinking of the world. Americans tend to forget the names of the men who lost their bid for the presidency. Willkie proved the exception to this rule.' Willkie is buried in East Hill Cemetery,.

In honor of his brief time practicing law in Akron as well as his national reputation, the Bar of the Summit County Courthouse erected a brass which is prominently displayed in the main hall. A wall-mounted quote by Wendell Lewis Willkie in in the World Showcase pavilion of 's.Willkie's name was prominently mentioned by keynote speaker and Democratic Senator at the. Miller praised Willkie as a politician who embodied a spirit of co-operation during wartime and praised his support of President Roosevelt's creation of a military draft. Miller spoke of Willkie saying'Shortly before Willkie died, he told a friend, that if he could write his own epitaph and had to choose between 'here lies a president' or 'here lies one who contributed to saving freedom,' he would prefer the latter.' He compared negatively and blasted the senator for being critical of President 's foreign policy by claiming Willkie refused to criticize FDR on foreign policy during a time of war., a play by and, filmed by in 1948, was reportedly loosely inspired by Willkie and the role played in his campaign by his mistress.

citation neededWillkie was also featured as a character in 's novel, in which Willkie opposes in the 1940 presidential election.A large complex at is named after him, and for several decades was home to the Willkie Co-op, an experimental that emphasized student operation of dormitory service.In a humorous reference in the, Bugs is pestered by a while trying to fly a bomber. When Bugs realizes what the gremlin is, he timidly asks, 'Could that have been a, whispering gremlin?' In a Yiddish accent, the gremlin shouts in Bugs' ear, ' It ain't Vendell Villkie!' This recalls an incident at the 1940 Republican National Convention when the head of a state delegation from the Midwest announced 'two votes for Villkie' in a accent. This, broadcast on nationwide radio, enjoyed a brief vogue as a humorous catchphrase. citation neededIn an alternative history novel by, it is mentioned that Roosevelt retired after his second term and Willkie became his successor as President. Another alternative history describing exactly the same occurrence is the short story 'Trips' by.A, laid down November 8, 1944 just one month after his death and commissioned December 9, 1944, was christened the SS Wendell L.

It served with the until scrapped in 1970. PublicationsWillkie was the author of two books:. (1943). An American Program (1944)Electoral historyWendell Willkie electoral history1940 Republican presidential primaries. 1,605,754 (49.76%). Jerrold L.

Seawell - 538,112 (16.68%). 516,428 (16.00%). Unpledged - 186,157 (5.77%).

133,488 (4.14%). R. Shlaes, Amity: The Forgotten Man. Harper Collins (2007) p.

182. Material on the notification ceremony may be found in the Indiana State Library's John Rugenstein Collection on Wendell Willkie, described at.Further reading. Kavanagh, Dennis (1998). A Dictionary of Political Biography: Who's Who in Twentieth Century World Politics. New York: Oxford University Press.

P. 505. Lash, Joseph (1971). Eleanor and Franklin. Norton. Barnard, Ellsworth (1966). Wendell Willkie: Fighter for Freedom. Marquette, MI: Northern Michigan University Press.

Madison, James H. Wendell Willkie: Hoosier Internationalist. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Manchester, William (1974). The Glory and the Dream: A Narrative History of America, 1932-1972. Boston: Little & Brown. Neal, Steve (1984).

Dark Horse: A Biography of Wendell Willkie. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. Parmet, Herbert S.; Hecht, Marie B. Never Again: A President Runs for a Third Term. New York: Macmillan.

Wendell Willkie For President

Peters, Charles (2006). Five Days in Philadelphia: 1940, Wendell Willkie, and the Political Convention That Freed FDR to Win World War II. New York: Public Affairs.External links. atParty political officesPreceded bySucceeded byChairpersons of.